Social Templates Are The Best Way To Schedule Dozens Of Messages In 5 Easy Minutes [New Feature] - CoSchedule Blog

Social Templates Are The Best Way To Schedule Dozens Of Messages In 5 Easy Minutes [New Feature] Blog Imagine a scenario in which you could plan progressively social messages without encountering the repetitive procedure. Also, imagine a scenario in which you could compose an assortment of great messages to consequently top off your internet based life plan without investing energy reordering your messages. Also, imagine a scenario in which you could reuse your workâ as a templateâ for whenever you need to plan social messages. Indeed, in the event that you could do the entirety of that, youd plan many social messages in a couple of simple minutes. And that wouldâ help you share more to online life andâ get much more traffic without losing your significant time on dreary errands. Truth be told, you could plan a colossal assortment of 60+ social messages to length out days, weeks, and even a very long time in under fiveâ minutes to get you 200% more traffic. At least, those are the outcomes some have encountered with the most recent element in your internet based life article schedule with social templates.How To Schedule Dozens Of #SocialMedia Messages In 5 Easy Minutes On edge to see social layouts in real life? Watch theâ demo online course now! Presenting Social Templates-Eliminating The Tedious Process Of Manual Scheduling! Let me rehash that: Social formats will assist you with wiping out the dull procedure of manual booking. Youll make the ideal social sharing arrangement, adjust your messages for most extreme commitment, and apply your reusable social layout to anyâ blog post or bit of substance on your publication schedule. Heres a review of how social formats will help you reliably share marvelous messages in close to no time: Stop the busyworkâ by easilyâ creating a predefined social sharing arrangement you can reuse over and over. Andâ with the time you spare, you can concentrate on making uncommon substance to assemble a dedicated after. Calendar many internet based life messages in mass with reusable social formats. Youll share posts quicker and drive more traffic to your blog in less time. Disregard reordering. Utilize social assistants to auto-fill your whole social line so you can concentrate on making quality messages that expansion client commitment and clickthroughs. Remain steady with your online networking plan by pre-arranging days, weeks, and months ahead of time with reusable social layouts. Remain predictable with your #socialmedia plan by pre-arranging with reusable social templates.Sound great? Heres how to begin: Effectively Add Variety To Your Social Messages To Share More Frequently Social partners are a device to help youâ add more assortment to your online life posting plan so you can share all the more regularly without losing your adherents. They have the additional advantage of helping you abstain from reordering messages while making a minute ago alters a breeze. Start by characterizing the sorts of messages youll send with tags,â then essentially compose your social message: Writeâ several messages in your social assistants to mix it up into your web-based social networking posting plan: Social assistants assist you with reusing hashtags, messages, and pictures all through your social line without reordering. Also, that aloneâ saves you from the repetitiveness of manual planning. Bonus Tip: Since you can reuse social assistants in numerous messages, you can without much of a stretch alter the social helperâ once toâ automatically update the entirety of the messages that utilization that social aide. Calendar Your Messages Without The Hassle Of Copying And Pasting Youre effectively utilized toâ scheduling messages in your social line to share your contentâ days, weeks, and even a very long time from now. So follow that equivalent procedure and utilize social assistants to mix it up into your social line: At that point, when youre done planning your social line, basically spare your difficult work as a social format that you can reuse whenever you plan social messages: Presently you can reuse your social format for whatever else youd like to share. That implies you can utilize it for blog entries or some other independent substance. Or on the other hand Create A Social Template From Scratch In the event that youd rather not make a social line for a current blog entry or bit of substance, that is okay! Essentially start another social format: Thenâ schedule your social line in a fresh out of the box new social layout: Reward Tip: Create various social layouts for explicit use cases! For model, make one for sharing new blog entries, another for your Twitter talk, and a third for the new digital book youre taking a shot at. There are no restrictions to what number of social layouts you can make! Reuse Your Social Template To Share Anything In A Few Easy Minutes Presently that youve constructed a social layout, the most straightforward part is reusing it to share your substance. Essentially open a blog entry or bit of substance on your schedule and apply the social format you just made: At that point take a couple of simple minutes to fill in your social assistants: When youre done filling in those, youll be set to share yourâ messages! Best of all, it just takes aâ few minutes to top off a whole social line for a considerable length of time, weeks, and even a very long time from now. Is it accurate to say that you are Ready To Eliminate The Manual Process Of Social Scheduling? Utilizing social formats is the easiestâ way to construct a web based life posting scheduleâ once and reuse it over and over. At the point when you utilize this component, youll spare yourself a huge amount of time and youll effectivelyâ remove the problem of retyping your social messages many occasions. Begin utilizing social formats now with your 14-day free preliminary of . This include is accessible for all promoting, robotization, and propelled schedules!

The Chicago World's Fair and the the impact on urban life and cities Research Paper

The Chicago World's Fair and the effect on urban life and urban areas in America - Research Paper Example Atwood ending the vista out to Lake Michigan† (Burnham 1989, pg. 17) Notwithstanding these compositional structures various different displays left that highlights front line innovation and plans that have since had a permanent effect on the American city. These impacts combined with impacts in music, craftsmanship, writing, and even the very pioneers of the association have all been contended by specialists to have affected American urban communities and urban life. This paper considers the effect these objects of culture and trade that were highlighted at the Chicago’s World Fair have had on American urban communities and urban life by following the effect through the significant impacts of the Beaux Arts structural style, to the different social impacts, lastly the impacts in the very texture of purchaser culture and society that were created and have stay noticeable in contemporary American culture. With an end goal to make a binding together impact among the recently planned structures that encompassed the Court of Honor, building plans followed the style of the Italian Renaissance. The piece was viewed as a gigantic accomplishment by the designers and guests of the day and the white plaster utilized in the structures contrasted the Chicago apartments, prompting the structures being alluded to as the White City. These structures additionally included, â€Å"a basic material, plaster (mortar), painted white; and would keep up a uniform sixty-foot-high cornice line† (Moffett and Wodehouse, 2008, pg. 232) Because of the exposition’s basic and mainstream achievement, the elaborate Beaux-Arts style was embraced by numerous American structures and metro ventures including trains stations, craftsmanship exhibition halls, city corridors, post workplaces, and houses of worship. In incredible part the accomplishment of the composition dominated the way that the structures it included weren’t outstandingly in fact progressed and

Book Report Why We Buy, the Science of Shopping by Paco Underhill

Book Report Why We Buy, the Science of Shopping by Paco Underhill Why We Buy, the Science of Shopping by Paco Underhill Dec 26, 2019 in Book Report Introduction Why We Buy, the Science of Shopping by Paco Underhill is a book about science of shopping. The authors intention was to help retailers understand what draws customers to their stores and what they have to do to improve their sales. This book is mainly about a store, from the consumers perspective implying that it provides a thorough insight based on researches conducted by the author and his team over time. This book report will consider both its content and context in order to establish its significance to the targeted audience. Structure Analysis The book is divided into four sections, where the first section seeks to introduce the reader to the idea of shopping as a science. This section comprises of two chapters, one taking on the shoppers perspective and the second one taking on the retailers perspective on shopping. This section is intended to introduce the concept of shopping, the shoppers experiences, and the retailers expectations and assumptions both being discussed. The second section of the book contains five chapters, each of which is about some elements of customers needs and the fact that retailers are oblivious to these needs. The author explains things like the need for dynamic product assortment, proper signs, enough space to move around, a place to rest their personal items and free their hands so as to shop comfortably having enough room to adjust into the store (twilight zone) and the need to be attended to as fast as possible given that customers generally do not enjoy shopping in stores, which take up too much of their time. The third section of the book covers the subject of shoppers in their different demographic groups as well as their needs and expectations and how these must be considered by the retailers if they are to improve their sales. In this section Underhill (2007) analyses women, men and kids shopping trends. The book highlights what they need and how meeting these needs can improve a stores performance in terms of sales. The last section provides insight into the shopping and retailing experience as a whole, with chapters on sensual shopping, time management, product promotion, self-examination as a retailer, as well as the big three of retailing, namely design, merchandizing, and operations (Evans, Jamal, Foxall, 2009). The book ends with the authors final thoughts, in which he encourages retailers to understand their consumers and look at their operations with customers needs and expectations in mind to serve them to the best of their ability. The book is arranged in such a way that the reader is able to not only grow in terms of his knowledge but also relate every aspect provided by the author to the previous chapters or sections. The author first enlightens the reader on the concept of shopping as a science to get him to understand how the evidence being used throughout the book comes about. Considering that the author often uses experiences from the tracked shoppers, the first chapter is a basis for understanding how all this information comes about. It can thus be stated that the book is systematically structured to ensure not only a good read but also a thoroughly informative content that can be easily understood. Summary of Content In the book, the author starts by analyzing the concept of shopping regarding it as a science and comparing it to anthropology. Pradeep (2010) also notes that understanding of shoppers is seen as a great way to improve the services that they get to have them coming back. By providing the reader with a clear analysis of the shopper through the findings of a research on the Science of Shopping, Underhill (2007) manages to bring out the idea that shopping is not as random as previously imagined, but rather it has some element of consistency that can be studied by tracking shoppers, so as to establish their patterns before, during, and after the shopping exercise. The second chapter is a transition from the shoppers perspective into that of the retailer, enabling the reader to change from looking at the store as a shopper to being the retailer. This chapter is important given that the first chapter puts a lot of attention on the shopping experience that one may be confused into thinking that the book is meant for shoppers. These two chapters are the introductory section of the book and they provide enough background information to get the reader right into the rest of the book. The rest of chapters cover various issues within the retailing discipline, which involve understanding the customers and being able to meet their respective needs and expectations. Regardless of how one looks at it, the author provides very thorough information in this book that would benefit any retailer who needs to improve his sales. Conclusion Why We Buy, the Science of Shopping by Paco Underhill is a book that critically examines retailing and buying habits. The author does not shy away from tackling the retail industry, bringing its shortcomings to light and engaging retailers in how to improve their sales by looking at what matters with a keen eye. Considering the depth of his coverage, the author is seen to meet his objectives in the book by helping to build a dependable understanding that is evidence-based with respect to the needs of shoppers. It can thus be stated that the book is indeed commendable for retailers and marketers in general.

The Crisis Of Poverty And Its Identity - 2084 Words

Michael Burlotos Burlotos 1 Professor Sancak-Marusa Writing 205 23 March 2015 The Crisis of Poverty and its Identity Poverty is a huge threat to the social identity and the existence of humanity in the developing world. It poses the threat to stability and peace more than terrorism, bad leadership, and natural disasters (Barrett, 2013). In other words, poverty affects the thinking of people and their standard of living. It has been a goal for society throughout the years to ensure that the poverty levels have been reduced. The global commitment to reducing poverty has increased. There are acts that are done every day globally to improve the living standards of others. Education as a social identity aids in enhancing sustainable development (Boran, 2010). Investing in education is investing for the future in human capital, research, and innovation. Darling (2006) says that poverty is a critical issue that the society is grappling to eradicate as it affects the social, political, and economic setting of the society. Education helps people to understand their personal roles, as well as, governments’. It is crucial to understand our surroundings. In addition, education helps self-assurance, awareness, confidence, and dignity that play in improving quality of life. Education is a key component for any personal growth. Additionally, education enhances productivityShow MoreRelatedPsychosocial Factors That Affect Adolescent s Behavior876 Words   |  4 Pages Psychosocial Crisis in Adolescents Adolescence is an interesting stage of development and is the fifth stage of Erikson stages of development .According to Erikson adolescence is a time of searching for one’s own identity and developing a sense of autonomy. 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There Are No Children Here Essay - 978 Words

There Are No Children Here Alex Kotlowitz was a freelance journalist. In 1985 a friend came to him and asked him to write a text for a photo essay he was doing on (children living in poverty) for a Chicago magazine. That is when he met the Rivers brothers, Lafeyette, age ten, and Pharoah age seven. He spent only a few hours with them interviewing for the photo essay. Lafeyette had an impact on Kotlowitz. When asked what he wanted to be, Lafeyette responded with If I grow up, Id like to be a bus driver. Meaning, at ten years old, he wasnt sure if hed make it to adulthood. In 1988 Kotlowitz suggested to the boys mother, LaJoe, the idea of writing a book about Pharoah, Lafeyette and the other children in the neighborhood.†¦show more content†¦For the children there was a playground with swings and jungle gyms. The bricks were smooth, the windows were shimmering, and the walls were freshly painted white. The adolescents joined boys and girls clubs, marching bands, and other constructive organiza tions. Now things are different. The remnants of grass are dry brown patches, mostly dirt. Where there was once a playground, there is now a shooting. The bricks are now worn and tattered. The windows are either translucent or broken. And the walls are no longer white, rather a dull, yellowish color. Worst of all, instead of joining boys and girls clubs, the adolescents joined gangs. At the Henry Horner Homes, it was the Conservative Vice Lords that reigned. Led by Jimmie Lee, the gang was in charge of the project. Lafeyette and Pharoah knew all about Jimmie Lee. They knew to keep their distance, but Lee was not solely a villain. To outsiders he was merely a criminal, involved in drug-traffic, home invasions of dope flats, and other crimes. To the residents of the project, Lee was respected out of more than just fear. He never let young teens join his gang. He spoke to kids against gangs and drugs. He would put food on tables for families in need. He would shoe the children with torn shoes. Even a police officer referred to Lee as a gentleman. He had a love for children and really helped the kids at Henry Horner Homes. On the other hand,Show MoreRelatedThere Are No Children Here Essay2507 Words   |  11 PagesThere Are No Children Here The book â€Å"There Are No Children Here† follows the life of two young boys, Pharoah and Lafayette as they battle everyday life in the dangerous neighborhood of Henry Horner. Many of the life events of Pharoah and Lafayette’s book â€Å"There are no Children Here† can be tied to lessons in the book of â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency.† Some of the more prominent themes are macro level theories, critical theory of labeling, juvenile justice system, and drugs and gangs. In this book summaryRead MoreThere Are No Children Here2082 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Chicago Slums: The Other America† Children are great imitators. 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The boys try to retain their youth while they see constant gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dad struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfireRead MoreThere Are No Children Here Essays: Style607 Words   |  3 Pages Style of There Are No Children Here There Are No Children Herenbsp; In Kotlowitzs description of the harsh realities of the Chicago projects, three stylistic elements stand out: his precise narration, his bluntness, and his questionable objectivity. These three elements blend to form a unique style that is particularly well-suited for There Are No Children Here. If there is one thing on which critics agree when discussing this book, it is that Kotlowitz is a brilliant narrator. 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The book focuses on Lafayette and Pharaoh, two of the younger children in the family, and their interactions with each other, the neighborhood, their family, their friends, and the police. Following the family over three years shows the importance of neighborhood factors when it comes to crime. According to Sampson and Groves (1989)Read MoreThere Are No Children Here By Alex Kotlowitz Essay1909 Words   |  8 PagesThere Are No Children Here by Alex Kotlowitz tells the harrowing story of the Rivers family and their shocking experiences living in an underserved Chicago public housing project. The story focuses on Lafayette, a middle school aged boy discovering his identity, Pharoah, an elementary school aged boy with high ambition and goals, and their resilient mother LaJoe. Matza’s Techniques of Neutralization discuss how people can create rationalizations to justify d elinquencies and crimes. Specifically applicableRead MoreThere Are No Children Here Essay examples1767 Words   |  8 PagesAlex Kotlowitzs book, There are No Children Here, is a story about two boys, Pharaoh and Lafeyette Rivers growing in the late 1980s in Henry Horner, a housing project in Chicago. The boys try to retain their youth while they see constant gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dad struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfire there. They live in

Control of the Corporation, Mergers and Acquisitions Free Essays

The Agency Problem and Control of the Corporation, Mergers and Acquisitions The Agency Problem and Control of the Corporation Corporate managers are the agents of shareholders. This relation creates a problem for shareholders who must find ways to induce managers to pursue shareholders interests. Financial managers do act in the best interest of the shareholders by taking action to increase the stock value. We will write a custom essay sample on Control of the Corporation, Mergers and Acquisitions or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, in large corporations ownership can be spread over a huge number of stockholders. It has been mentioned that this agency problem arises whenever a manager owns less than 100 percent of the firm’s shares. Because the manager bears only a fraction of the cost when his behavior reduces the firm value, he is unlikely to act in the shareholders’ best interest. Let’s just say that management and stockholder interests might differ, imagine that the firm is considering a new investment, and the investment is expected to favorably impact the share value, but is relatively a risky venture. Owners of the firm will then wish to take the investment because the stock will rise, but management may not with the fear of there jobs being lost. One obvious mechanism that can work to reduce the agency problem is increased manager insider shareholding. But, even where managerial wealth permits this is costly since it precludes efficient risk bearing. Other mechanisms are also available. More concentrated shareholdings by outsiders can induce increased monitoring by these outsiders and so improve performance by a firm’s own managers. Similarly, greater outside representation on corporate boards can result in more effective monitoring of managers, and the market for managers also can improve managerial performance by causing managers to become concerned with their reputation among prospective employers. The available theory and evidence are consistent with the view that stockholders control the firm and that stockholder wealth maximization is the relevant goal of the corporation. The stockholders elect the board of directors, who, in turn, hire and fire management. Even so, there will undoubtedly be times when management goals are pursued at the expense of the stockholders, at least temporarily. Mergers and Acquisitions An acquisition, also known as a takeover or a buyout or â€Å"merger†, is the buying of one company (the ‘target’) by another. An acquisition may be friendly or hostile. In the former case, the companies cooperate in negotiations; in the latter case, the takeover target is unwilling to be bought or the target’s board has no prior knowledge of the offer. Acquisition usually refers to a purchase of a smaller firm by a larger one. Sometimes, however, a smaller firm will acquire management control of a larger or longer established company and keep its name for the combined entity. This is known as a reverse takeover. Another type of acquisition is reverse merger a deal that enables a private company to get publicly listed in a short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets. Achieving acquisition success has proven to be very difficult, while various studies have shown that 50% of acquisitions were unsuccessful. The acquisition process is very complex, with many dimensions influencing its outcome Although they are often uttered in the same breath and used as though they were synonymous, the terms merger and acquisition mean slightly different things. When one company takes over another and clearly establishes itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition. From a legal point of view, the target company ceases to exist, the buyer â€Å"swallows† the business and the buyer’s stock continues to be traded. In the pure sense of the term, a merger happens when two firms agree to go forward as a single new company rather than remain separately owned and operated. This kind of action is more precisely referred to as a â€Å"merger of equals†. The firms are often of about the same size. Both companies’ stocks are surrendered and new company stock is issued in its place. For example, in the 1999 merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, both firms ceased to exist when they merged, and a new company, GlaxoSmithKline, was created. †¢In practice, however, actual mergers of equals don’t happen very often. Usually, one company will buy another and, as part of the deal’s terms, simply allow the acquired firm to proclaim that the action is a merger of equals, even if it is technically an acquisition. Being bought out often carries negative connotations, therefore, by describing the deal euphemistically as a merger, deal makers and top managers try to make the takeover more palatable. An example of this would be the takeover of Chrysler by Daimler-Benz in 1999 which was widely referred to in the time, and is still now, as a merger of the two corporations. The buyer buys the shares, and therefore control, of the target company being purchased. Ownership control of the company in turn conveys effective control over the assets of the company, but since the company is acquired intact as a going concern, this form of transaction carries with it all of the liabilities accrued by that business over its past and all of the risks that company faces in its commercial environment. †¢The buyer buys the assets of the target company. The cash the target receives from the sell-off is paid back to its shareholders by dividend or through liquidation. This type of transaction leaves the target company as an empty shell, if the buyer buys out the entire assets. A buyer often structures the transaction as an asset purchase to â€Å"cherry-pick† the assets that it wants and leave out the assets and liabilities that it does not. This can be particularly important where foreseeable liabilities may include future, unquantified damage awards such as those that could arise from litigation over defective products, employee benefits or terminations, or environmental damage. A disadvantage of this structure is the tax that many jurisdictions, particularly outside the United States, impose on transfers of the individual assets, whereas stock transactions can frequently be structured as like-kind exchanges or other arrangements that are tax-free or tax-neutral, both to the buyer and to the seller’s shareholders A purchase deal will also be called a merger when both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies. But when the deal is unfriendly that is, when the target company does not want to be purchased it is always regarded as an acquisition. Whether a purchase is considered a merger or an acquisition really depends on whether the purchase is friendly or hostile and how it is announced. In other words, the real difference lies in how the purchase is communicated to and received by the target company’s board of directors, employees and shareholders. It is quite normal though for M deal communications to take place in a so called ‘confidentiality bubble’ whereby information flows are restricted due to How to cite Control of the Corporation, Mergers and Acquisitions, Papers

Multicultural Education1 Essay Example For Students

Multicultural Education1 Essay One of the major goals of the American school system is to provide all children with equal educational opportunity. However, with regard to minority students, meeting this particular objective has presented a real challenge to educators as they have been confronted with the task of reshaping education in the multilingual, multicultural society that characterizes the United States. Many significant events contributed to the need of school reform. The Civil Rights movement launched by African Americans in the 1960s, which resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, triggered major social changes in the direction of equality and justice for all. Consequently, the US Department of Education was charged to conduct a survey on availability of equal educational opportunity and to provide technical and financial assistance to school boards in carrying out plans for the desegregation of public schools (Zephir,1999:136). Changing immigration patterns also occurring since the 1960s brought educational issues to the forefront of discussion. In 1968, the first Bilingual Education act was passed in an attempt to provide short-term help to school districts with high concentrations of students from low income homes who had limited English-speaking ability (Millward,1999:47). Moreover, in 1974, the Supreme Court ruled in Lau vs. Nichols (a class action suit brought on behalf of Chinese-speaking children in San Francisco) that English-limited children who were being taught in English were certain to find their classroom experiences totally incomprehensible and in no way meaningful (Stevens,1999:108). In consequence, schools were instructed to give special help to non-English-speaking students in order to guarantee their equality under the law with students who spoke English as their first language. In short, the social movement of the 1960s gave rise to major educational changes; and it was in that context that the concept of multicultural education originated. The 1980s saw the emergence of a body of scholarship on multicultural education by progressive education activists and researchers who refused to allow schools to address their concerns by simply adding token programs and special units on famous women or famous people of color. James Banks, one of the pioneers of multicultural education, was among the first multicultural education scholars to examine schools as social systems from a multicultural context. According to Banks In order to maintain a multicultural school environment, all aspects of the school had to be examined and transformed, including policies, teachers attitudes, instructional materials, assessment methods, counseling, and teaching styles (Mitchell,1996:110). By the middle and late 1980s, other K-12 teachers-turned-scholars provided more scholarship in multicultural education, developing new, deeper frameworks that were grounded in the ideal of equal educational opportunity and a connection between school transformation and social change. Meanwhile, the cultural landscape of the United States continued to become less visibly white Christian and more visibly rich with cultural, racial, ethnic, and religious diversity, underscoring the necessity for everyone to develop a set of skills and knowledge that the present system was failing to provide all students. These included creative and critical thinking skills, intercultural competence, and social and global awareness. The education system was not only plagued by unequal treatment of traditionally oppressed groups, but was also ill-equipped to prepare even the most highly privileged students to competently participate in an increasingly diverse society. In the 21st century, at a time when it is reported that minority students already outnumber white students in twenty-five of the nations twenty-six largest urban school systems (Robson,1998:211), and when it is estimated that minority groups, taken together, will outnumber the current white majority in the overall population by 2056 (Robson,1998:211), never has the discussion about multicultural education been more intense. At the same time, never has the necessity to address the needs of non-English speaking immigrant children been more imperative. In fact, according to Mitchell and Salsbury (1996) the number of language-minority students in the United States was estimated at 9.9 million in 1994 (p.223-224). .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .postImageUrl , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:hover , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:visited , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:active { border:0!important; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:active , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artificial Intelligence Essay Students from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds are more likely to be disproportionately placed in special education programs and classes. Some groups of students are under-represented in special education and over-represented in programs for gifted and talented students. Such disproportionate representation of minority groups is an ongoing national problem. Disproportionate representation is a complex problem, and fixing it .

And the SAT Obsessions Continues free essay sample

A discussion of Nicholas Lemanns view on the SAT test This paper presents a detailed description and discussion about the SATs. The writer focuses on the expertise of Nicholas Lemann to draw comparisons and conclusions about the SAT and its place in society, colleges and class distinctions. While Lemann has tried to correlate the test use growth with the attempt to bring forth women and minorities detractors say he has failed. Lemann also details the evolutionary events that lead to the test and the detractors claim he leaps to far from point to point. While critics are quick to point out what they believe to be holes in Lemanns theory those who follow his beliefs insist they are valid. Each person has to look at the points Lemann makes and weigh it against what they believe to be the case. In this day of SAT scores being the most important factor to college acceptance it is hard to understand why detractors claim he is wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on And the SAT Obsessions Continues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The college entrance system has a ranking that is heavily based on the scores a student achieves on the SATS. The SATS are achievement based, in both the verbal and the math portions. It is well known that there are areas of the nation in which students are not being given the advantages that students in other area high schools are given. Those students are usually minority groups. It is not a far leap from that already proven fact to the idea that the SAT has created an elite club with membership reserved for white middle class students only. Whether it was done on purpose is the only thing debatable and it doesnt really matter. It needs to be fixed.

Presidents report essays

Presidents report essays This paper will prove Richard M. Nixon wasnt such a bad president at all or at least better than some presidents. Richard Nixon was the thirty-seventh president of the United States and was the only president to resign from office. Nixon was a follower of Quakerism and he was president during the Vietnam War and when the astronauts landed on the moon. Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913, in, Yorba Linda, California. There he attended schools in Yorba Linda, and in nearby towns. Nixon attended Whittier College, a Quaker institution, from 1930 to 1934 where he became president of the student body and won many debating awards. In 1934 he graduated from Whittier College and won a scholarship from the Duke University School of Law. At Duke Nixon became president of the student law association. Nixon graduated from Duke in 1937, third in his class out of forty-four students. After Nixon graduated from Duke the Great Depression was still in place in the United States, there were few jobs. Nixon tried many times to get into law bureaus and firms but was not successful. He returned to Whittier and joined a Whittier Law firm. When he was twenty-six, he joined the Whittier College Board of Trustees. In 1942, Nixon served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Richard M. Nixon was highly qualified for the presidency. Nixon was from the Republican Party. In 1946, Nixon ran for the U.S. House Representatives and won the election, after he was released from the Navy. In 1950, Nixon ran for U.S. Senator in California and won the election by over 700,000 votes. He was also Vice President to Dwight D. Eisenhower. However, Eisenhower never gave him any support, but he still won the election was put on the ballot by the Republican Party in the 1968 election. He and his running mate both promised that whoever won the election would handle the Vietnam War. His running mate was Hubert H. Humphrey, current vice president, lost the e...

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam questions - Essay Example If the right is bought, it is called a long call; if the right is sold, it is called a short call. An option that gives the right in due course make a sale at a predetermined price is called a "put" option. If the right is bought, it is called a long put; if the right is sold, it is called a short put. i) Flexibility - Options are an extremely flexible tool. Options can be bought or sold in many different combinations for many different investment opportunities (i.e. Stocks, indices) . This allows for an investor to take advantage of varied market conditions available at a time. Options can be traded to address rising or declining markets, quiet markets or volatile markets with uncertain price directions. ii) Increased trading opportunities – There are a great number of strategies that can be adopted while trading options. These create additional profit and risk management opportunities for traders thus an increase in returns. iii) Limited risk with unlimited profits – If one buys a call option, they benefit from unlimited profit potential as the stock moves higher while the investor who buys a put option, has the benefit of unlimited profit potential as the stock moves lower. Index options are financial derivatives that give the possessor the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a basket of stocks, such as the Nasdaq – 100 index options, at an agreed-upon price and before a certain date. An index option is comparable to other options contracts, the difference being the underlying instruments are indexes. One may use index options to hedge when there is need to protect the value of the portfolio of mixed stocks in case of a market decline. Index puts are utilised in this instance. Index puts are generally used to protect unrealised profits stemming from an investor’s portfolio. There may be various classes of options that are available

Policy and Practice in the Education of Bilingual Children Essay

Policy and Practice in the Education of Bilingual Children - Essay Example The possibility is that the other language is learned after learning the first one. Many of the bilingual people grow up in an environment where two languages are being spoken simultaneously. In countries like America, bilinguals are usually found to be the children of immigrants. This is because these children speak their parent's native language during childhood and at home, whereas they speak English in school and with their friends. Therefore, the primary socialization is in the native language, and the secondary is in English. This makes the children bilingual. However, it is not only the immigrants who tend to be bilinguals, but there are many people such that they speak English at school and some other language at the workplace. Moreover, the influence of some significant person also helps a child to develop skills of two or more languages. We can find a number of multilingual and bilinguals in many countries. Moreover, in others, we see that almost every person is bilingual. Talking about India, in some of the parts of India, a child is usually aware of more than one language (Birner 1994, pg.2-3). Cognition technically refers to thinking. Moreover, the entire process of cognition is related to the processing of human-like information and the application of knowledge and change of preferences. This process of cognition is either natural, artificial, conscious or unconscious. This is the reason why they are analyzed from different perspectives and in different contexts. Cognition can be applied to anesthesia, neurology, and various other subjects such as psychology, philosophy, systematic and computer science. Some concepts such as the mind, reasoning, perception, intelligence, and learning are abstract concepts with which cognition is closely related. Cognition can be otherwise regarded as an abstract property of advanced living organisms.     

Wing Lee Street Project Failure Causes

Wing Lee Street Project Failure Causes In the Central and Western District on Hong Kong Island, there are quite a number of pre-World War II ancient buildings and avenues, most of them are going to be dismantled for solving the problem of urban disintegration. Sheung Wan Wing Lee Street, a tenement portion to the URA H19 and integral part of redevelopment proposal, in view of last few months, the communitys interest on Wing Lee Street. And majority of the opinion stating out that this URA project is completely failed to adopt the â€Å"people-centered† approach. Obviously, the major cause of the failure is due to the social value of Wing Lee Street. When decide whether to conserve the old building, we should take into account expert assessments of its cultural value and also its social value. Let us taking an international environmental paper Bula Charter Guidelines as an example, â€Å"Cultural Values Article 2.5 from the guidelines state that â€Å"Social value embraces the qualities for which a place has become a focus of spiritual, political, national or other cultural sentiment to a majority or minority group†. There are a lot of buildings in different places in Hong Kong of resembling time of life and style. What is extraordinary and unusual here is that the whole street has not been redeveloped recently. Many people thought that streets with old buildings like Wing Lee Street should be preserved because they were replete with Hong Kong peoples collective memories. As a result, there is a growing body of sentiment for its preservation. However, the government used to emphasize and spot development at the expense of preservation. They will not try to seek to get a proper scale between redevelopment and conservation. The URAs original plan is to solve the puzzle of urban decay and to ameliorate the living conditions of habitants in decayed urban areas. But the plan for redeveloping Wing Lee Street is not in keeping with the dogma of balancing urban evolution against conservation. The government only thought that the street cannot show monuments, nor do any of the buildings there, appearing a special design. Whats more, a film produced by Hong Kong director Echoes of a Rainbow awarded with Crystal Bear prize at Berlin International Film Festival. It was the first time that a Hong Kong movie has obtained this award. This has delivered Hong Kong citizens together once again to consider of the preservation of our collective memories and the historical buildings. This film presented the collective remembrance of people here through the description of a Hong Kong household of four during the 1960s. It is significant stating that the execution of the film was come from Wing Lee Street in the Central district. That region about the street is slated for redevelopment by the Urban Renewal Authority (URA). The director has used a lot of authentic and actual acts on that street as background of the film, as a result it does not only make it to appear more practical-minded but also give audiences some immeasurable sensation and nostalgia of these decayed and old streets. After the film getting the award and was screened, there has raised a fever in hunting and exploration of Wing Lee Street. Just like the main theme of Echoes of a Rainbow-â€Å"Time can be a thief, but time cannot steal good memories and the Hong Kong spirit†. This is the foremost message that the producer wants to show to us. So, Wing Lee Street in Sheung Wan may be just a street, but it is part of Hong Kong history and keeps us reminded and citizens including the post 1980s and post-1990s generations join their efforts to treasure and safeguard them and therefore the redevelopment plan for the street is completely failed due to the eminent social value of Wing Lee Street. Apart from the high social value of Wing Lee Street, Building Value is another factor of the failure of the proposal. Quite a number of professors and scholars finished a building research from Sai Ying Pun to Central. They have recognized a tenement buildings, being its puny body weight, stretchable layout, the construction of a simple form, should be our city building a part of cultural heritage.As the Wing Lee Street, the tenement housing in the entirety and in a extraordinary space on the street level, and its architectural significance is much higher than some singular buildings infrequent on the avenue or in a tenement building has been segregated and contrasted with the building in No. 145-153 Third Street, Sai Ying Pun, is also appreciated as distinctive value of the architecture of cultural heritage, it is of an equivalent value. So calls on the government not to dismantle but to preserve Wing Lee Street have become increasingly sturdy among conservationists for cultural he ritages. Moreover, the main purpose of this redevelopment project is due to the building safety of the buildings of Wing Lee Street. Secretary for Development Carrie Lam had said that the buildings there were beyond repair and had to be dismantled. However, after carrying out a preparatory reconnaissance on Wing Lee Street Buildings by professional engineers and surveyors, it can be established that the whole set of columns do not discover tenement difficulty to repair the building safety puzzles. The existing portions of the wall surface cracks and illegal porch and roof fabrication, can be repaired by the rehabilitation efforts, there is no insurmountable technical problems. Actually, Wing Lee Street 1-2 has been completed rehabilitation of the outcomes somewhat well. At the same time, a up-to-date main research of old buildings conducted by the Buildings Department, also shows that the environs is not the old housing in Wing Lee Street buildings fall into disrepair, imperiling the safety o f the pillar. In an article issued by the URA in March 2008 report of the scrutiny of the street and the buildings have not been come to the incapability for rehabilitation due to old age settlement. So, the view that â€Å"the buildings there were beyond repair and had to be demolished† should be discarded. Therefore, this project will redouble social controversy, leading in momentous repercussions of the public right URA violates about private property rights interests. In conclusion, the URA is required to adore the residents will be able to redevelop the Wing Lee Street, and to explore another proposals.

Capital Investment Decisions: the Case of Diamond Plc

Capital Investment Decisions: The case of Diamond PLC CONTENT PAGE PAGES 1. 1 – Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 1. 2 – Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4-6 2. 1 – Advantages and disadvantages of Net Present Value†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6-7 2. 2 – Advantages and disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7-8 2. – General formulas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9-14 3. 1 – Critical Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15-17 4. 1 – Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17-18 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19-20 1. 1 – Introduction This assignment is based on Capital investment deci sions: the case of Diamond Chemicals plc. A critical analysis of this case study will examine the characteristics and concerns in the case study. This research will discuss the use of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques known as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), which are the two most popular and important techniques in investment decisions. Although these two techniques are closely-related, they have fundamental differences between each other. â€Å"The IRR is the discount rate that makes the present value of a future stream of cash flows equal to the initial investment(s). Arnold 2008. Whereas, NPV is the â€Å"difference between a project’s value and its cost† Breadley, Myers and Allen, 2006. 1. 2 – Literature Review Three research articles will be reviewed focusing on the performances of NPV and IRR relating to real cases in investment evaluation. â€Å"Do managers of South African manufacturing firms make optimal capital investment decisions? † †“ E. Gilbert, 2003. The purpose of the study was to investigate capital budgeting behaviour of firms in South Africa. It reveals that majority of manufacturing firms use only the NPV technique when evaluating their capital investment projects, and of the DCF techniques used, the NPV technique is used more often than the IRR. Research shows that manufacturing firms adjust the discount rate used in their NPV calculations to incorporate the project specific risk; according to the results of this research, majority of firms do this. It considers that the majority of firms use only the NPV technique when evaluating their capital investment projects (i. e. no other techniques are used at all). However, on average, the IRR technique is used more often than NPV (48% versus 47%). Nevertheless, in summary, the study suggests that manufacturing firms in South Africa deviate from the behaviour prescribed by corporate finance theory because they do not use NPV in isolation with projects specific risk adjusted discount rates when evaluating capital investment projects. The next article titled â€Å"Capital budgeting practices in the US. Forest product industry: A reappraisal† – L. S. Hogaboam and S. R. Shook, 2004. This study observed the capital investment practices of publicly owned forest roduct firms in the U. S. in 2001by replicating research reported by Cubbage and Redmond in 1985. In this research Baile et al (1979) conducted a survey and case study of capital budgeting in the forest products industry and found that most forest products companies had formal budgeting systems, but these companies lacked post audit procedures, did not account for risk and utiliz ed primitive risk adjustment methods. The researchers correlated the use of NPV and IRR to the size of the firm, finding that firms that had smaller gross sales revenue primarily used payback period for their projects. Nine firms ranked NPV either first or second in evaluation criteria importance, whereas IRR was considered most important evaluation criteria in the Idaho survey mutual exclusive projects. Financial literature indicates NPV is best for capital rationing, and 7/15 of firms indicated that IRR was their primary choice in case of rationing. This survey specifies that the IRR technique is most popular for the evaluation of mutually exclusive projects, even though most financial literature considers it to be inaccurate when compared to NPV. The third article â€Å"Capital Budgeting Practices: A Survey in the Firms in Cyprus† investigates: 1. the methods used by the Cyprus companies to evaluate investments, and 2. the approach adopted to handle important estimation problems inherent to the use of these methods. It was found that 54. 43% of projects evaluation is done by means of a simplified evaluation technique and that 36. 71% of the companies use the payback period technique. Among the methods that take into account the time value of money concept, the NPV method is the one most companies prefer, and only 8. 86% of them use IRR. In this study Hatfield, Horvath, and Webster (1998) investigated the importance of payback, average rate of return, IRR, and NPV capital budgeting techniques for the performance and value measures of firms. They found that firms analyzing all projects have higher share prices on average. They also found, in contrast to the theory of finance, that the NPV technique is not maximizing the value of the firm. Their results indicated that it is best not to rely on any single capital budgeting technique but instead to apply all of them or as many of them possible for a project evaluation. 2. – Advantages and Disadvantages of Net Present Value (NPV) NPV is a very popular method of project appraisal; starting with the advantages; According to Pike and Neale (2006), the NPV rule accepts all investments offering positive NPVs when discounted at the equivalent market rate of interest. This results in an increase in the market value of the firm and thus the increase of the shareholder†™s stake in the firm. NPV takes into account the time value of money – It recognises that ? 1 today is greater than ? 1 tomorrow; Breadley, Myers and Allen explain that it is because today can be invested to start earning interest immediately. They also argue that NPV rule allows thousands of shareholders who may have vastly different levels of wealth and attitudes toward risk to participate in the same enterprise and to delegate its operations to a professional manager. â€Å"One of the rules of Capital budgeting demands that managers be able to consider one project independently of all others – this is known as the value-additivity principle, it implies that the value of the firm is equal the sum of the values of each of its projects. † – Copeland, Weston and Shastri (2005). Arnold states that NPV finds out not only which project gives a positive return, but which one gives the greater positive return and that one of the major elements that leads to the theoretical dominance of NPV is that it takes into account the scale of investments. NPV is a superior technique to IRR because it has fewer limitations. Those limitations include the fact that both inflows and outflows are measured in form of present dollars, not as percentage, many people find it complicated to work with a dollar return rather than a percentage return. Another limitation would have to be the requirement of an estimate of the cost of capital to be able to calculate the NPV. William Megginson considered that financial managers find it hard to use NPV because it does not measure benefits relative to the amount invested. Though the NPV formula is constructive in evaluation of investment opportunities, the process is not faultless. 2. 2 – Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Financial managers prefer IRR because it is attributable to the general isposition of business people toward rates of return rather than actual dollars as interest rates, probability and so on are most often expressed as annual rates of return, making it an advantage of this technique. The calculations of IRR is an advantage, meaning the fact that IRR is simply the discount rate that make the NPV equals to Zero is important because it tells us how to calculate the returns on more complicated investments (Ross, Westerfield, Jordan â₠¬â€œ 2006). IRR indicates the rate of return receivable when money is put into a project. Arnold (2008) acknowledges that IRR describes how much the cash inflows exceed the cash outflows on an annualised percentage basis, taking into account of the timing of those cash flows. Like NPV, IRR also has the advantage of being a ‘time-adjusted’ measure of profitability. ‘Financial Theory and Corporate Policy’ by Ross, Westerfield and Jordan recognises that â€Å"the IRR rule errs in several ways. It does not obey the value-additivity principle, and consequently managers who use the IRR cannot consider projects independently of each other. Second, the IRR rule assumes that funds invested in projects have opportunity costs equal to the IRR for the project. This implicit reinvestment rate assumption violates the requirement that cash flow be discounted at the market-determined opportunity cost of capital. Finally, IRR rule can lead to multiple rates of return whenever the sign of cash flow changes more than once. † may give the wrong ranking of mutually exclusive projects that differ in economic life or in scale or required investment. 2. 3 – General Formulas for Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Net Present Value (NPV) formula Where CF0 = cash flow at time zero (t0), and CF1 = cash flow at the time one (t 1), one year after time zero. The decision rules for net present value are: NPV[pic]0 Accept NPV < 0 Reject Formula applied to cash flow suggested by Frank Greystock |Year |Cash flow (? m) |Discounted cash flow (? m) | |0 |-9 |-9 | |1 |1. 4 |? 1. 27 | |2 |2. 66 |? 2. 0 | |3 |3. 09 |? 2. 32 | |4 |3. 06 |? 2. 09 | |5 |3. 02 |? 1. 88 | |6 |2. 49 |? 1. 41 | |7 |2. 47 |? 1. 27 | |8 |2. 45 |? 1. 14 | |9 |2. 43 |? 1. 03 | |10 |2. 1 |? 0. 93 | |11 |1. 68 |? 0. 59 | |12 |1. 68 |? 0. 54 | |13 |1. 68 |? 0. 49 | |14 |1. 68 |? 0. 44 | |15 |1. 68 |? 0. 40 | | | |Total (NPV) ? 9. 00 | Internal Rate of Return (IRR) formula The internal rate of return, r, is the discount rate at which the net present value is zero. It is the value for r which makes the following equation hold: Formula applied to cash flow suggested by Frank Greystock The following tables show the percentages utilized for the trial and error phase, in order to produce an NPV of zero. |Table 1 | | | | | | | |Yearly |Cash Flows (? ) |Discounted Cash Flow (? m) | | |Intervals | | | | | | | | | |0 |-9. 00 |-9. 00000 | | |1 |1. 40 |1. 11111 | | |2 |2. 66 |1. 67549 | | |3 |3. 9 |1. 54471 | | |4 |3. 06 |1. 21406 | | |5 |3. 02 |0. 95094 | | |6 |2. 49 |0. 62227 | | |7 |2. 47 |0. 48990 | | |8 |2. 45 |0. 8566 | | |9 |2. 43 |0. 30358 | | |10 |2. 41 |0. 23895 | | |11 |1. 68 |0. 13220 | | |12 |1. 68 |0. 10492 | | |13 |1. 68 |0. 08327 | | |14 |1. 8 |0. 06609 | | |15 |1. 68 |0. 05245 | | |26% |Net Present Value (? m) |-0. 02441 | | | | | | Table 2 | | | | | | |Yearly |Cash Flows (? m) |Discounted Cash Flow (? ) | | |Intervals | | | | | | | | | |0 |-9. 0 0 |-9. 00000 | | |1 |1. 40 |1. 12000 | | |2 |2. 66 |1. 70240 | | |3 |3. 09 |1. 8208 | | |4 |3. 06 |1. 25338 | | |5 |3. 02 |0. 98959 | | |6 |2. 49 |0. 65274 | | |7 |2. 47 |0. 51800 | | |8 |2. 45 |0. 41104 | | |9 |2. 43 |0. 2615 | | |10 |2. 41 |0. 25877 | | |11 |1. 68 |0. 14431 | | |12 |1. 68 |0. 11545 | | |13 |1. 68 |0. 09236 | | |14 |1. 68 |0. 07389 | | |15 |1. 68 |0. 5911 | | |25% |Net Present Value (? m) |0. 29926 | | | | | | Table 3 | |Yearly |Cash Flows (? m) |Discounted Cash Flow (? m) | | |Intervals | | | | | | | | | |0 |-9. 00 |-9. 0000 | | |1 |1. 40 |1. 07692 | | |2 |2. 66 |1. 57396 | | |3 |3. 09 |1. 40646 | | |4 |3. 06 |1. 07139 | | |5 |3. 02 |0. 81337 | | |6 |2. 49 |0. 1587 | | |7 |2. 47 |0. 39363 | | |8 |2. 45 |0. 30034 | | |9 |2. 43 |0. 22915 | | |10 |2. 41 |0. 17482 | | |11 |1. 68 |0. 09374 | | |12 |1. 68 |0. 7211 | | |13 |1. 68 |0. 05547 | | |14 |1. 68 |0. 04267 | | |15 |1. 68 |0. 03282 | | |30% |Net Present Value (? m) |-1. 14726 | | | | | | | |Yearly |Cash Flows (? ) |Discounted Cash Flow (? m) | | |Intervals | | | | | | | | | |0 |-9. 00 |-9. 00000 | | |1 |1. 40 |1. 09375 | | |2 |2. 66 |1. 62354 | | |3 |3. 9 |1. 47343 | | |4 |3. 06 |1. 13994 | | |5 |3. 02 |0. 87894 | | |6 |2. 49 |0. 56616 | | |7 |2. 47 |0. 43876 | | |8 |2. 45 |0. 34001 | | |9 |2. 43 |0. 6346 | | |10 |2. 41 |0. 20413 | | |11 |1. 68 |0. 11117 | | |12 |1. 68 |0. 08685 | | |13 |1. 68 |0. 06785 | | |14 |1. 68 |0. 05301 | | |15 |1. 68 |0. 4142 | | |28% |Net Present Value (? m) |-0. 61758 | | | | | | Interpolation illustrates that there is a yield rate (r) which lie between 25 per cent and 26 per cent which will produce an NPV of zero. The way to find that discount rate is to first find the distance between points A and B as a proportion of the entire distance between points A and C. 3. 1 – Critical Analysis â€Å"Greystock included in the first year of his forecast preliminary engineering costs of ? 00,000, which had been spent over the preceding nine months on efficiency and design studies of the renovation. † The preliminary costs of ? 500,000 were irrelevant because it would not have been incurred if not for the possibility of Greystock going ahead with the renovation; therefore it was a sunk cost. The development cost of ? 500,000 should be ignore because they are bygones and are of the past as it was incurred nine months before and does not need to be added into the cash flow. â€Å"The corporate manual stipulated that overhead costs be reflected in project analyses at the rate of 3. % times the book value of assets acquired in the project per year†. According to Arnold (2008), not all overhead costs are incremental; when trying to assess the viability of a project only the incremental costs are incurred by going ahead are relevant. Those cost which are unaffected therefore irrelevant. Meaning that the capital projects which should reflect an annual pre-tax charge amounting to 3. 5% of the value of the initial asset investment for the project – it should be entered in the incremental cash flow because it is an irrelevant overhead cost. Rotterdam sales are producing negative results due to the decision made by Greystock to shift capacity to Rotterdam away from Merseyside. His new business decision is having a negative effect on Rotterdam because all the expenditure is coming from Merseyside as he has decided to renovate it, cannibalizing Rotterdam. Even the director of sales recognised there was â€Å"oversupply in the works†, which means that too much is being supplied for the project. In view of adjustment of cash flow must be consistent with inflation forecast imbedded in discount rate. The treasury staff was concerned because the project would impound a long-term inflation of 3% per year. The unrelated EPC project is not relevant as it would only increase prices when recession ended despite the ? 1 million pound renovation ; the criterion is that each individual investment promises an IRR greater than 10%, not that multiple projects promise an average return above this hurdle. Before submitting a project for senior management, at least three performance â€Å"hurdles† had to be met in order for proposal to be considered. -Impact on earnings per share = ? 0. 018 -Payback = 3. years -Discounted cash flow (NPV) = ? 9 Million Although the Merseyside project met all the criteria, Morris should have considered dividing the proposal into requires and desire expenditure ( relating to April Novelties). Concerns and characteristics – Merseyside The main concern for Merseyside is the old production process and how it is not continuous at times, and it has a â₠¬Å"higher labour content than its competitors’ newer plants. However, regardless of these limitations the Merseyside plant has many good characteristics such as: †¢ Receiving positive cash flows immediately Higher cash flows in the beginning †¢ Relatively short payback period Concerns and characteristics – Rotterdam The lack of flexibility and commitment to plant project are concerns for the Rotterdam plant as it is not being renovated and we remain unsure as to whether Greystock will take on the project of renovation at Rotterdam. On the other hand, the fact that the polymerization process has become continuous is major strength, and also that the payment schedule is flexible (over four year period). In addition the Japanese technology has proven to be successful in Japan. . 1 – Conclusion This assignment has summarized the Case study while emphasizing important details of the concerns and characteristics of the Merseyside and Rotterdam plant. Opportu nities such as Land value and Use of right of way can enable Rotterdam to develop positively, despite German technology posing as a threat and also losing right of way. Overall the Merseyside plant offers numerous opportunities to increase outputs and lower costs, while also increasing competitiveness for their competitors. Nevertheless Merseyside faces a very big threat where they would have to close for 45 days causing their customers to buy from their competitors, although the lost market share can still be regained. The investment appraisal process requires the use of sophisticated evaluation techniques such as Net present value (NPV) and Internal rate of return (IRR). These techniques help ensure that all relevant cost and other factors have been considered. The calculations of NPV and IRR are quite challenging, especially regarding the trial and error method IRR. The calculations to obtain –NPV=0- was time consuming and more than twice as long as the NPV method. If risk adjustment is made through the discount rate there may be more than one cost of capital and the sponsor then has to classify the project into say high or medium or low risk categories etc. Finally, it can be argued that the process of capital budgeting is a time-waster because the fundamental information used is seen to be undependable. As the estimates of cash proceeds are just guesses and that the use of anything other than the easiest technique of capital budgeting is as unsuccessful as making use of any complicated formulas. For example, in 1974 K. Larry Hastie published his classic paper, â€Å"One Businessman’s View of Capital Budgeting. † His position is that firms should avoid excessively complex measurement techniques. He states: â€Å"Investment  decision making  could be improved significantly if the emphasis were placed on asking the appropriate strategic questions and providing better assumptions rather than on increasing the sophistication of measurement techniques† (1974, p. 36). This research establishes that NPV and IRR are two major investment decision methods, which gratifies the criteria for the accurate evaluation of capital projects. REFERENCES Hogaboam, L. S. , Shook, S. R. (December 2004) ‘Capital Budgeting practices in the U. S. forest product industry: A reappraisal. ’ Forest products journals. Gilbert E. (May 2003) ‘Do managers of South African manufacturing firms make optimal capital investment decisions? ’ Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town. Lazaridis T. L. October 2004) ‘Capital Budgeting Practices: A Survey in the Firms in Cyprus’ Journal of Small Business Management Richard A, Breadley, Stuart C. Myers, Franklin Allen (2008) ‘Principles of Corporate finance’ 9th edition McGraw-Hill, London Richard Pike, Bill Neale (2005) ‘Corporate finance and investment: decisions of strategies’ 5th edition Financial time prentice hall Thomas E. Copeland, J. Fred Weston, Kulde ep Shastri (2005) ‘Fiancial theory and Corporate policy’ 4th edition Pearson Addison Wesley, London Megginson, William L. (1997) ‘Corporate finance theory’ Addison Wesley Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Bradford D. Jordan (2006) ‘Coporate finance: Fundamentals’ McGraw-Hill, London Glen Arnold (2008) ‘Corporate financial management’ 4th edition Financial times prentice hall, England Investopedia (2010) Available at: www. investopedia. com/study-guide/cfa-exam/level-1/corporate-finance/cfa13. asp Fao corporate document repository (1997) ‘Chapter 6: Investment decision – Capital budgeting’ Available at: www. fao. org/docrep/w4343e/w4343e07. htm QFinance (2007) Available at: www. qfinance. com/cash-flow-management-best-practice

Life in the Colonial Cities Essay

The people of early colonial America settled mainly in rural areas and farms. Eventually, by the end of the 18th century, cities became dominant settlements over the rural regions. The cities of colonial America were heavily influences by British; the latest fashions of dress, social ideas, and furniture among other things were imported from Great Britain. As the size of cities grew, problems in health and sanitation began to arise. Throughout all of the major cities, taverns were the common places where everyone would meet. The cities of colonial America helped spread the European Enlightenment across the Atlantic. This in turn helped create an American Enlightenment movement, which started primarily in the major cities. Cities helped develop the advancement of learning in science, literature, and the arts. They were also centers for manufacturing and commerce, where industry boomed. The major cities of America included Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, and Charleston. In these large cities, many problems began to surface. These difficulties involved health, sanitation, police protection, and fire prevention. To decrease these problems meant that the city would have to work together and stop with individualistic ways. Philadelphia was the most heavily populated, and most sophisticated of the major cities. They had brick roads and sidewalks including street lamps, which turned on every night. There was a regular night watch along with volunteers for fire protection and there were also many booksellers. Some people were unhappy with Philadelphia’s design while others thought the city to be a masterpiece. Boston was another populous city, thanks to its elegance and in general the manners of its people. The people of Boston had many luxuries, such as coach rides where slaves served the customers. Also, the Mall was a very popular place among the people. The Mall was a beautiful Common with trees and paths, which was an imitation of St James’s Park. Although Boston was not as  densely populated as Philadelphia, Boston offered a cleaner and more open society. New York City preserved many of its native Dutch traditions and qualities. A lot of the buildings were built of brick, which was the common Dutch style. New York also had developed into the headquarters of the British North American Army. Many New Yorkers were influenced greatly by Britain, which meant that the people were considered to have excellent manners. Taverns were the centers of social life in the cities, also called the â€Å"principal social institution of colonial America.† The taverns social class ranged greatly depending on its surrounding areas. Some taverns housed the low life’s and poor people while others only accepted gentleman. Most of the pubs were a place for common people to discuss any matters at hand. Some say the foundation of the Revolutionary War was planned in taverns. Some people felt as if taverns were causing some problems in society. Benjamin Franklin was one of the major figures that tried to limit the number of taverns in cities. He argued that the number of taverns might cause poverty to many of the people and the surrounding neighborhood. However, taverns could be considered good to the cities because they were the closest form of business enterprise in colonial America to this point. Although in the early years of colonial America, many people resided in the rural areas, the cities became more populated over time. Taverns were a main reason for people moving from farms to the cities. The conditions of the city weren’t excellent, as the water supply was not very sanitary and garbage disposal was a major issue. However, these factors made for the beginning of a new nation and helped form how America is today.

Critical Analysis of “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” and...

Critical Analysis of â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† and â€Å"The Facebook Sonnet† Light and happy or dark and lonely, both â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† and â€Å"The Facebook Sonnet† are similar in that both of their themes describe solitude. Still, William Wordsworth and Sherman Alexie use opposite ideas to take this concept in different lights. While Wordsworth describes an enjoyable evening walking through a meadow and speaks of his contentment thinking of this day when he is alone, Alexie describes forlorn wishful nature of an average Joe reminiscing on his past through social media. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the meaning of both works using the poets’ images and symbols, and will compare how each poet used the notion of†¦show more content†¦After reading this poem, I am left with the imagery of a lonely thirty-something sitting in a dark room on her laptop, jealously â€Å"creeping† on her well-to-do and recently engaged sorority sisters. Many people use Facebook to stay connected with people of thei r past or to impress people they once knew, but when it comes down to it, this connection is a forsaken commodity, or so Alexie argues. Alexie used words like â€Å"endless† â€Å"shame† and â€Å"loneliness† to help create this desolated image. It also came to my attention that both poems use the suggestion of both â€Å"humans and† and â€Å"humans versus†. In â€Å"I Wandered†, Whitworth describes the relationship between man and nature, furthermore describing it as a beautiful thing that brings one joy. I noticed throughout the piece he alters the reality of his work, objectifying himself as a cloud that is wandering alone and also personifying nature in that the daffodils dance and toss their heads in the wind. This furthers the idea in that they are so similar; they can essentially â€Å"be each other†. Whitworth clearly thinks the appreciation of nature is helpful to the wellbeing of humanity. Whereas â€Å"The Facebook Sonne t† deals with a more controversial topic of â€Å"man versus machine† machine being the domain Facebook. Although this is not said directly, it is implied that Alexie is displeased with what Facebook has become, and with reason. He states, â€Å"Let’s sign up, sign in,